Existing global and/or Regional Governance Frameworks, agreements and mandates provided through intergovernmental processes.

 



The first mandate on creative economies came from the UNCTAD XI’s outcome document - the Sao Pauloconsensus – in 2004. It asked the international community to “support national efforts of developing countries to increase their participation in and benefit from dynamic sectors and to foster, protect and promote their creative industries” (para.91). 

 The Bridgetown Covenant, Outcome of the fifteenth session of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, 5 November 2021. “The creative economy has become an important contributor to economic growth and serves as a new prospect for developing countries to diversify their economies and leapfrog into new, high-growth sectors of the world economy towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. It is thus important to create an enabling environment for the promotion of the creative economy, among others, by encouraging creativity, innovation and entrepreneurship, supporting the development of cultural institutions and cultural industries, providing technical and vocational training for culture professionals, and increasing employment opportunities in the cultural and creative sector” (paragraph 54).  In paragraph 127 (ee) the Bridgetown Covenant mandates that UNCTAD should: “continue the work on analyzing the creative industries, providing insight into the global creative economy through the UNCTAD Creative Economy Programme and the Creative Economy Network, supporting countries to take advantage of the potential offered in this field”. 

 The Bridgetown Accord (TD/540), outcome of the Creative Industries and Trade Digitalization Forum, at the fifteenth session of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, 5 November 2021. Among the many recommendations, the Accord calls on UNCTAD to place greater emphasis on the social and developmental benefits of the creative and technological sectors, as well as commit and contribute to the centering of culture as a driver of trade, development and national and regional systems of innovation. 

 United Nations General Assembly resolution declaring 2021 the “International Year of CreativeEconomy for Sustainable Development, 2021”. In December 2019, the United Nations General Assembly in New York adopted resolution 74/198 by consensus. This was a landmark achievement for the creative industries, recognizing them as crucial sectors for the attainment of the 2030 agenda emphasizing the role of international trade in creative goods and services, and its contribution to the global economy, and requesting UNCTAD to monitor and write the report on the resolution’s implementation on behalf of the UN Secretary-General with support from UNESCO and other agencies. 

 Bali Agenda on Creative Economy, agreed at the First World Conference on Creative Economy, held in Bali, Indonesia, from 6 to 8 November 2018. The Second WCCE was convened in Dubai, UAE in December 2021, while the Third WCCE was held in Bali, in October 2022. 

 UNCTAD, Nairobi Maafikiano (TD/519), fourteenth session of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, 5 September 2016 

 UNCTAD’s Nairobi Maafikiano (TD/519) mandated UNCTAD to “support developing countries and countries with economies in transition in diversifying production and exports, including in new sustainable growth areas such as sustainable agriculture, including organic agriculture and creative industries” (paragraph 77 (m)) and “continue to develop statistics on investment, the creative economy and the global economy and the operations of multinational enterprises” (paragraph 77 (z)).

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