Diversity of cultural expressions remains undervalued.





The flagship report Re|Shaping Policies for Creativity underscores that while cultural and creative industries are increasingly recognized as drivers of economic growth, social cohesion and sustainable development, the systems supporting them remain fragile and uneven.

  • Although 85% of reporting countries include cultural and creative industries in national development plans, only 56% set specific cultural objectives — revealing a gap between general commitments and actions.
  • Global trade in cultural goods doubled to US$254 billion in 2023, with 46% of exports originating in developing countries. However, developing countries account for just over 20% of global trade in cultural services, reflecting growing disparities as markets shift toward digital formats.
  • Direct public funding for culture remains critically low at under 0.6% of GDP globally and continues to decline.
  • A persistent “visa wall” limits artistic mobility, with 96% of developed countries supporting outward mobility but only 38% facilitating inward mobility from developing nations.

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